Nutritional and Hormonal Regulation of Citrate and Carnitine Acylcarnitine Transporters: Two Mitochondrial Carriers Involved in Fatty Acid Metabolism Comprehensive review of the expanding roles of the carnitine pool in metabolic physiology: beyond fatty acid oxidation Journal of Translational Medicine Springer Nature Link Short Note On Carnitine Shuttle: Fatty acids are oxidized in mitochondria, and synthesized in the cytoplasm. Long chain fatty acids must form an active intermediate, fatty acyl CoA, before being oxidized inside mitochondria. Catherine Full article: Carnitine: Its Crucial Role in Metabolic Health and Cardiovascular Function Carnitine Acyltransferase an overview ScienceDirect Topics